Within plantations, there is a gradient in conditions. The massive use of exotic species in forest plantations throughout. In simple terms, a plantation is a stand composed primarily of ees estr tablished by planting or artificial seeding. The deviance information criteria dics were lowest for the models incorporating the area of natural and plantation forests at 1500m and 2000m scales, respectively. Forestry is the science of establishing, managing and conserving forests, while management of a plantation forest is known as silviculture. Pdf ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests.
Such lands have always been important to people, providing food, building materials, and other resources for our use. A quarter of planted forests are com posed of introduced species fao 2010. But huge plantations of the same tree should not count. Fao uses the current global forest resources assessments fra definitions for forests. The goal is to grow a large amount of timber in as short a time as possible. Sadanandan nambiar csiro forestry and forest products, po box e4008, kingston, act 2604, australia email. It is part of one out of several strategies in vietnam promoting increased forest cover for production, protection and other purposes. Forests and plantations with extensive experience in the forestry industry, we are able to provide pragmatic advice on sustainable forest management issues. Primary forests are forests of native tree species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed secondary forests regenerate on native forests, which have been cleared by natural or man made causes, such as agriculture or ranching.
Our involvement in the development and testing of a range of standards for sustainable forest management makes us well placed to assist forest companies in meeting certification requirements. There are formal markets for the carbon captured by plantation forests under the kyoto protocol in the clean development mechanism, 2 but in the absence of such markets for carbon sequestered in existing forests, redd funds will be dispersed at the discretion of donors on a case by case basis. Fscus questions and answers for family forest owners forest plantations. Tree plantations could help peru meet forest restoration. Our integrated forest management system covers all processes involved in the management and protection of plantations, native forests and other land use activities. A tropical hardwood plantation averaged close to 4tha. In 1990, forests and other wooded lands a category that includes natural open woodlands, natural closed forests, and tree plantations covered 40 percent, or 5. Nzier report plantation forestry statistics ii links to other industries e. Such an alternative supply of timber could greatly reduce the harvest. Planted forest includes but is not limited to plantation. Science and technology for sustainable development of plantation forests e. The area of productive plantation forests established by smallholders have increased by 840,000 ha, which in a southeast asian context is unique although similar developments occur in china fao 2006. They were collated by the food and agricultural organisation of.
A plantation is a largescale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. Limit plantation size to 50 ac or smaller establish a ratio of 1 ac of permanent opening per 20 ac of trees within plantations 50 ac establish irregular plantation boundaries establish or preserve hardwood corridors and firebreaks roads planted to. These plantation forests are established with intensive inputs to grow the maximum possible biomass on the crop trees with minimal loss of growth to competing species. We connect knowledge to action by fostering knowledge exchange and capacity building about planted forests with end users, such as forest. To supply trees and wood for a wide range of enduses, highly ordered plantation forests are increasing in area in many countries. The expansion of farmbased plantation forestry in vietnam.
Special considerations apply to principle 10 plantations, which are highly regimented and made up of blocks of exotic. Of particular concern are those distant, remote forests where the direct effects of industrialized human activities are, at the moment, still small. Guidelines for forest plantation establishment and management in jamaica prepared by. It was filled with action and suspense, interesting characters, and twists and turns that made this book hard to put down and when i did i was still thinking about the book and characters. The deviance information criteria dics were lowest for the models incorporating the area of natural and plantation forests at 1500m and 2000m scales, respectively table 1. The scandal of calling plantations forest restoration is putting. They include seminatural forests with indigenous species and plantation orf ests with exotic species. Ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests the earthscan forest library pdf,, download ebookee alternative successful tips for a improve ebook reading.
Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations are located. Nearly 4 % of the worlds forests are plantations, established to provide a variety of ecosystem services, principally timber and other wood products. Reestablishing forests by natural regeneration andor tree planting in areas which were previously forested shifting cultivation a farming system in which land is periodically cleared, farmed, and then returned to fallow. The plantation the plantation series book 1 by george. As the population of the world increases so does the amount of wood people use. Tree plantation forest crop or stand raised artificially either by sowing seeds or planting seedlings. The forest was located in charles city county, virginia, just off of state route 5. This book describes the scientific principles that are used throughout the world to ensure the rapid, healthy growth of forest plantations. Growing plantation forests kindle edition by west, phil. Forest plantations, plantation forestry, planted forests, silviculture. Nhbs julian evans and john w turnball, clarendon press. Fscus questions and answers for family forest owners. Exotic timber plantations found to use more than twice the water of native forests this hawaiian forest is made up mostly of native ohia trees, which grow more slowly and use up to 2.
Amongst a number of findings, the congress noted that planted forest area continued to increase and that the goods and services provided by these forests were. Typically, a plantation forest can be distinguished from a natural forest through its very limited. Treeplanting and plantation forestry in tropical countries are expanding rapidly. Being a huge fan of antebellum and civil war era fiction books, the plantation was a departure from the usual predictable plots. Round or square gardening spades are fine if you are planting just a few trees, but consider buying good tree planting shovels for large projects. Although tree plantations could provide ecosystem services, as well as income for communities and businesses, there. It was the site of jeffersons marriage to martha on january 1, 1772. The model with the area of natural forest set at a 1500m scale and that with the plantation forest area set at a 2500m scale were well supported. Large areas of natural forests are being cleared every year and converted to. It is suggested that in countries where funds for land reclamation are limited. The harvesting of trees in plantation forests involves careful planning and evaluation, and plantation forestry is a more environmentally friendly, and is more effective. Sustainable plantation forestry problems, challenges and. They are typically assumed to be poor substitutes for natural forests, particularly in terms of biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, provision of clean drinking water and other nontimber goods and services.
But if a plantation owner went crazy and killed his neighbor and then went galloping back home, dismounted, and promptly killed his wife, two deaths in total, virginia society spent the next six months in fear, and the legend of the murderer on horseback might linger for generations. Social and community forestry, tree planting to control soil erosion, and the use of agroforestry, as well as many industrial afforestation projects, are all part of the response to tropical deforestation and are central to much rural development. It is written for a worldwide audience, from forestry professionals and scientists through to small plantation growers, and describes how plantations may. Sustainable planted forests for a greener future former. Some proponents argue that this will save the naturally wooded forests, but those against this type of plantation are afraid that these manmade log factories will gradually replace the natural habitat. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests by. Allow the plantation to grow at least to the middevelopmental. Buy plantation forestry in the tropics 9780198509479. Peru has set a goal of restoring forest on some 3 million hectares of degraded land, but the country still lags behind its neighbors when it comes to scaling up tree plantations to meet both environmental and societal needs. Previously, forest plantations were defined as those. P w west plantation forests are grown to supply wood and to provide environmental benefits, such as waste disposal, rehabilitation of degraded sites, enhancement of regional biodiversity and reduction of. Our findings were not consistent with these previous studies because the diversity of small mammal communities in both the japanese larch plantation and the china armand pine plantation forests. Whatever their motivation, plantation forest growers want their plantations to be healthy and grow rapidly to achieve their purpose as soon as possible. Biomass increment of a pine plantation averaged between 8 and 10. This book approaches sustainable forest management from the perspectives of. With this book, we hope to convince the reader that. The role, silviculture and use of planted forests for industrial, social, environmental and agroforestry purposes.
We conclude by suggesting future options, such as functional zoning and species mixtures applied at either the stand level or as. Planted forests facility european forest institute. In the days of precivil war slavery the unforgettable novel of a. The crops that are grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, opium, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, fruits, rubber trees, and forest trees. They display a major difference in forest structure. Business forest products industry research spruce spruces wood quality. A planted forest is defined as a forest that at maturity is predominantly composed of trees established through planting andor deliberate seeding.
Nz wood supports the growth of diverse plantation species in new zealand. As the population of the world increases so does the amount. In addition to such services, plantation forests provide direct and indirect benefits to biodiversity via the provision of forest habitat for a wide range of species, and by reducing negative impacts on natural forests by. Forestrysa manages plantation land and native forest reserves in the mount lofty ranges and green triangle of south australia for the south australian government.
Tree planting equipment is relatively inexpensive and easy to acquire. Growing plantation forests 2006 book by aaldrete issuu. Soybean and oil palm expansion in south america 3 the latter is primarily associated, firstly, to a growing demand in the food and feed markets for agricultural production particularly in asia and secondly, to an expanding demand for feedstocks for biofuel production to supply both domestic and international markets. Conservation of the worlds forests is a most important and pressing contemporary problem. However, there are also substantial differences with potential perverse impacts related to deforestation as discussed in this piece, e. Plantation forests and the role food and agriculture organization. When should exotic forest plantation tree species be. I forest plantations julian evans encyclopedia of life support systems eolss forest plantations julian evans department for environmental science and technology, imperial college of science, technology and medicine, university of london, uk keywords. Forest plantations encyclopedia of life support systems. Other things to have on hand are a tarp to cover your trees and plenty.
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